The Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) are the most prestigious and top engineering institutes in India. For most of the students in India, the dream is to get into  IITs. Most of the parents encourage their kids to aim for a seat in IITs and even they put their kids in coaching institutes from their school days. Knowing that it is very difficult to enter  IITs ,many students work very hard from 8^th grade itself.

Why IIT?

The answer is very simple, these institutes are best for the technical education in the country. Some of the IITs compete with the best technical institutes in the world. The curriculum at the IITs is completely different from the rest of the institutes in India. The percentage of placements and starting salaries of the students from an IIT are comparatively very high. This motivates many students and parents to get into IITs. The success stories of IITians are another motivating factor for most of the students. For example the CEO of  Google, Sunder Pichai was a student of IIT Kharagpur. The founders of Flipkart, Zomato and the popular author Chetan Bhagat, the CM of  Delhi , Arvind Kejriwal all of them IITians.

History of IITs

After independence there were no good technical institutes in India. The then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to set up good technical institutes in India. So the first Indian Institute of Technology was founded in May 1951 in Kharagpur, West Bengal. Later on the recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, four more IITs were established at Bombay (1958), Madras (1959), Kanpur (1959), and Delhi (1961). In the year 1994, the sixth institute IIT Guwahati was established in Assam. In the year 2001, the University of Roorkee was converted into IIT Roorkee. 

In 2008 to 2009, eight more  new IITs were set up in Gandhi Nagar, Jodhpur, Hyderabad, Indore, Patna, Bhubaneswar, Ropar and  Mandi. In the year 2012 the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University was made a member of the IITs and renamed as IIT(BHU) Varanasi. In 2015 to 2016, six new IITs in Tirupati, Palakkad, Dharwad, Bhilai, Goa and Jammu, were founded, along with the conversion of Indian School of Mines Dhanbad into IIT (ISM) Dhanbad. Now we have 23 IITs in India.

How to enter into IITs

If any student wants to get a seat in IITs, first he has to take MPC (Maths, Physics, and Chemistry) in his 11^th grade. After completion/during his 12^th grade he has to write JEE Mains exam which is conducted by NTA (National Testing Agency). The 2.5lakh students who qualify in JEE Mains exam are eligible to write JEE Advanced exam. Based on the ranks secured in JEE Advanced exam students can join in any of the 23 IITs. In all IITs (including female supernumerary quota) there are 16,053 seats in UG programs.

To know more about JEE MAins click: https://www.edgroom.com/blog-view/jee-mains

Details of all the 23 IITs in India

S. No	Name of the Institute	Websites	Year of Establishment	State	No. Of seats
1	IIT Kharagpur(KGP)	http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/	1951	West Bengal	1902
2	IIT Mumbai(B)	http://www.iitb.ac.in/	1958	Maharashtra	1360
3	IIT Madras(M)	http://www.iitm.ac.in/	1959	Tamil Nadu	1133
4	IIT Kanpur(K)	http://www.iitk.ac.in/	1959	Uttar Pradesh	1182
5	IIT Delhi(D)	http://www.iitd.ac.in/	1961	Delhi	1209
6	IIT Guwahati(G)	http://www.iitg.ernet.in/	1994	Assam	902
7	IIT Roorkee(R)	https://www.iitr.ac.in/	2001	Uttarakhand	1353
8	IIT Ropar(RPR)	http://www.iitrpr.ac.in/	2008	Punjab	370
9	IIT Bhubaneswar(BBS)	http://www.iitbbs.ac.in/	2008	Odisha	475
10	IIT Gandhi Nagar(GN)	http://www.iitgn.ac.in/	2008	Gujarat	250
11	IIT Hyderabad(H)	http://www.iith.ac.in/	2008	Telangana	425
12	IIT Jodhpur(J)	https://iitj.ac.in/	2008	Rajasthan	490
13	IIT Patna(P)	http://www.iitp.ac.in/	2008	Bihar	427
14	IIT Indore(I)	http://www.iiti.ac.in/	2008	Madhya Pradesh	360
15	IIT Mandi(MD)	http://www.iitmandi.ac.in/	2009	Himachal Pradesh	329
16	IIT(BHU) Varanasi	http://iitbhu.ac.in/	2012	Uttar Pradesh	1589
17	IIT Palakkad(PKD)	http://iitpkd.ac.in/	2015	Kerala	188
18	IIT Tirupathi(TP)	http://iittp.ac.in/	2015	Andhra Pradesh	237
19	IIT(ISM) Dhanbad	http://iitism.ac.in/	2016	Jharkhand	1125
20	IIT Bhilai(BH)	https://www.iitbhilai.ac.in/	2016	Chhattisgarh	183
21	IIT Jammu(JM)	http://iitjammu.ac.in/	2016	Jammu and Kashmir	237
22	IIT Goa(GOA)	http://www.iitgoa.ac.in/	2016	Goa	157
23	IIT Dharwad(DH)	http://www.iitdh.ac.in/	2016	Karnataka	170

Total seats in all IITs (including female supernumerary): 16053

NIRF Rankings

Every year Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) releases the IIT rankings. The rankings were given by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF).  These rankings will help the students to choose the best institute.

While deciding the ranks for various IITs, NIRF considers these parameters.

1) Teaching, Learning and Resources (TLR)

2) Research and Professional Practices (RP)

3) Graduation Outcomes(GO)

4) Outreach and Inclusivity(OI)

5)Peer Perception(PR)

For more details visit: https://www.nirfindia.org/Parameter

Based on the above parameters mentioned above NIRF has given rankings to the 17 participating institutes. The rankings of the institutes for the years 2019 and 2020 are tabulated as below.

S.No	Name of the Institute	2019-Rankings	2020-Rankings
1	IIT Madras	1	1
2	IIT Delhi	2	2
3	IIT Bombay	3	3
4	IIT Kanpur	5	4
5	IIT Kharagpur	4	5
6	IIT Roorkee	6	6
7	IIT Guwahati	7	7
8	IIT Hyderabad	8	8
9	IIT Indore	13	10
10	IIT(BHU) Varanasi	11	11
11	IIT(ISM) Dhanbad	15	12
12	IIT Bhubaneswar	17	22
13	IIT Gandhi Nagar	24	24
14	IIT Ropar	29	25
15	IIT Patna	22	26
16	IIT Mandi	20	31
17	IIT Jodhpur	50	53

To know the rankings for the previous year’s visit: https://www.nirfindia.org/2020/Ranking2020.html